Git setup & basic

Config
git config --global user.name "Kevin Hu"
git config --global user.email "Kevin Hu"
git config --global core.editor 'code --wait
use VSCode to edit git configs

git init initialize a git repo

Git ignore
.gitignore file
add any file or folder, folders have a / to the end

.env
.vscode/
node_modules
__pycache__

Global ignore file
git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore
Git alias
git config --global alias.logg 'log --oneline'

Git Environments
Working
Staging - a temporary location to store file or later use
git add -A or git add .
Commit
git commig -m "any message"

commit 5a3f2b9f72c8b788298e2340d4f2cd917e947646 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Kevin Hu <hukevin69@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat Dec 16 15:42:35 2023 -0700
 
    first commit

The commit shows the hash and what branch is it head -> master

File state
Tracked - existed in the previous commit

• unmodified
• modified
• staged - moved in the staging environment
  Untracked - file that is not added to version control

git status check the status of file
When we modify a file, the state become modified, it is not staged for commit

Changes not staged for commit:
        modified:   main.py

• use git add to move the file into staging
• git restore --staged restore the changes made to staging
• once it’s not staged, git restore restore the modification

Now add a new file, the git does nothing since it doesn’t modify untracked files

Deleting File

• delete from filesystem, it is recorded in git, need to use git add to add it to staging
• git rm --cached remove the file from git staging but keep the file in filesystem
• after committing, then using git rm to delete a file, the deletion is tracked as a change to staging, use git restore to undo deletion

Rename

• renaming it in filesystem cause 2 changes, deleting the original file and creating the renamed file
• git mv is used for renaming file renamed: module.py -> func.py
• git is always comparing the changes to the last commit, if there are any changes between last commit and now

Differences
git diff shows the difference, or can show the difference among other commits

git log --oneline put the git logs in one line

git amend allow very small staged changes to be added to the last commit

• when editing a small line of code or to edit a commit message
• use git commit --ammend -m "small change" and the staged changes will be added along with previous commit
• git commit --amend --no-edit